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{ Deskew by Marek Mauder http://galfar.vevb.net/deskew
The contents of this file are used with permission, subject to the Mozilla Public License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/MPL-1.1.html
Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the License.
Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (the "LGPL License"), in which case the provisions of the LGPL License are applicable instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only under the terms of the LGPL License and not to allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL, indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with the notice and other provisions required by the LGPL License. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the LGPL License.
For more information about the LGPL: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html }
{ Unit with various image processing functions. Some are taken from Imaging extensions. } unit ImageUtils;
{$I ImagingOptions.inc}
interface
uses Types, Math, SysUtils, Classes, ImagingTypes, Imaging, ImagingFormats, ImagingUtility;
type TResamplingFilter = ( rfNearest, rfLinear, rfCubic, rfLanczos );
{ Thresholding using Otsu's method (which chooses the threshold to minimize the intraclass variance of the black and white pixels!). Functions returns calculated threshold level value [0..255]. If BinarizeImage is True then the Image is automatically converted to binary using computed threshold level.} function OtsuThresholding(var Image: TImageData; BinarizeImage: Boolean = False): Integer;
const SupportedRotationFormats: set of TImageFormat = [ifGray8, ifR8G8B8, ifA8R8G8B8];
{ Rotates image with a background (of outside "void" areas) of specified color. The image is resized to fit the whole rotated image. } procedure RotateImage(var Image: TImageData; Angle: Double; BackgroundColor: TColor32; ResamplingFilter: TResamplingFilter; FitRotated: Boolean);
implementation
function OtsuThresholding(var Image: TImageData; BinarizeImage: Boolean): Integer; var Histogram: array[Byte] of Single; Level, Max, Min, I, J, NumPixels: Integer; Pix: PByte; Mean, Variance: Single; Mu, Omega, LevelMean, LargestMu: Single; begin Assert(Image.Format = ifGray8);
FillChar(Histogram, SizeOf(Histogram), 0); Min := 255; Max := 0; Level := 0; NumPixels := Image.Width * Image.Height; Pix := Image.Bits;
// Compute histogram and determine min and max pixel values for I := 0 to NumPixels - 1 do begin Histogram[Pix^] := Histogram[Pix^] + 1.0; if Pix^ < Min then Min := Pix^; if Pix^ > Max then Max := Pix^; Inc(Pix); end;
// Normalize histogram for I := 0 to 255 do Histogram[I] := Histogram[I] / NumPixels;
// Compute image mean and variance Mean := 0.0; Variance := 0.0; for I := 0 to 255 do Mean := Mean + (I + 1) * Histogram[I]; for I := 0 to 255 do Variance := Variance + Sqr(I + 1 - Mean) * Histogram[I];
// Now finally compute threshold level LargestMu := 0;
for I := 0 to 255 do begin Omega := 0.0; LevelMean := 0.0;
for J := 0 to I - 1 do begin Omega := Omega + Histogram[J]; LevelMean := LevelMean + (J + 1) * Histogram[J]; end;
Mu := Sqr(Mean * Omega - LevelMean); Omega := Omega * (1.0 - Omega);
if Omega > 0.0 then Mu := Mu / Omega else Mu := 0;
if Mu > LargestMu then begin LargestMu := Mu; Level := I; end; end;
if BinarizeImage then begin // Do thresholding using computed level Pix := Image.Bits; for I := 0 to Image.Width * Image.Height - 1 do begin if Pix^ >= Level then Pix^ := 255 else Pix^ := 0; Inc(Pix); end; end;
Result := Level; end;
procedure RotateImage(var Image: TImageData; Angle: Double; BackgroundColor: TColor32; ResamplingFilter: TResamplingFilter; FitRotated: Boolean); // Use precomputed weights for bicubic and Lanczos filters {$DEFINE USE_FILTER_TABLE}
type TBufferEntry = record B, G, R, A: Single; end;
const EmptyBufferEntry: TBufferEntry = (B: 0; G: 0; R: 0; A: 0); TableSize = 32; MaxTablePos = TableSize - 1; MaxKernelRadius = 3;
var SrcWidth, SrcHeight: Integer; SrcWidthHalf, SrcHeightHalf, DstWidthHalf, DstHeightHalf: Single; DstWidth, DstHeight: Integer; AngleRad, ForwardSin, ForwardCos, BackwardSin, BackwardCos, SrcX, SrcY, D: Single; TopLeft, TopRight, BottomLeft, BottomRight: TFloatPoint; SrcImage, DstImage: TImageData; FormatInfo: TImageFormatInfo; X, Y, Bpp: Integer; DstPixel24: PColor24Rec; BackColor24: TColor24Rec; BackColor32, Pixel32: TColor32Rec; DstByte: PByte; Filter: TSamplingFilter; FilterFunction: TFilterFunction; FilterRadius: Single; KernelWidth: Integer; WeightTable: array[-MaxKernelRadius..MaxKernelRadius, 0..TableSize] of Single;
function FastFloor(X: Single): Integer; inline; begin Result := Trunc(X + 65536.0) - 65536; end;
function FastCeil(X: Single): Integer; inline; begin Result := 65536 - Trunc(65536.0 - X); end;
function GetPixelColor24(X, Y: Integer): TColor24Rec; {$IFDEF FPC}inline;{$ENDIF} begin if (X >= 0) and (X < SrcWidth) and (Y >= 0) and (Y < SrcHeight) then Result := PColor24RecArray(SrcImage.Bits)[Y * SrcWidth + X] else Result := BackColor24; end;
function GetPixelColor8(X, Y: Integer): Byte; {$IFDEF FPC}inline;{$ENDIF} begin if (X >= 0) and (X < SrcWidth) and (Y >= 0) and (Y < SrcHeight) then Result := PByteArray(SrcImage.Bits)[Y * SrcWidth + X] else Result := BackColor32.B; end;
function GetPixelColor32(X, Y: Integer): TColor32Rec; {$IFDEF FPC}inline;{$ENDIF} begin if (X >= 0) and (X < SrcWidth) and (Y >= 0) and (Y < SrcHeight) then Result := PColor32RecArray(SrcImage.Bits)[Y * SrcWidth + X] else Result := BackColor32; end;
procedure GetBilinearPixelCoords(X, Y: Single; out HorzWeight, VertWeight: Single; out TopLeftPt, BottomLeftPt, TopRightPt, BottomRightPt: TPoint); inline; begin TopLeftPt := Point(FastFloor(X), FastFloor(Y));
HorzWeight := X - TopLeftPt.X; VertWeight := Y - TopLeftPt.Y;
BottomLeftPt := Point(TopLeftPt.X, TopLeftPt.Y + 1); TopRightPt := Point(TopLeftPt.X + 1, TopLeftPt.Y); BottomRightPt := Point(TopLeftPt.X + 1, TopLeftPt.Y + 1); end;
function InterpolateBytes(HorzWeight, VertWeight: Single; C11, C12, C21, C22: Byte): Byte; inline; begin Result := ClampToByte(Trunc( (1 - HorzWeight) * (1 - VertWeight) * C11 + (1 - HorzWeight) * VertWeight * C12 + HorzWeight * (1 - VertWeight) * C21 + HorzWeight * VertWeight * C22)); end;
function Bilinear24(X, Y: Single): TColor24Rec; inline; var TopLeftPt, BottomLeftPt, TopRightPt, BottomRightPt: TPoint; HorzWeight, VertWeight: Single; TopLeftColor, TopRightColor, BottomLeftColor, BottomRightColor: TColor24Rec; begin GetBilinearPixelCoords(X, Y, HorzWeight, VertWeight, TopLeftPt, BottomLeftPt, TopRightPt, BottomRightPt);
TopLeftColor := GetPixelColor24(TopLeftPt.X, TopLeftPt.Y); BottomLeftColor := GetPixelColor24(BottomLeftPt.X, BottomLeftPt.Y); TopRightColor := GetPixelColor24(TopRightPt.X, TopRightPt.Y); BottomRightColor := GetPixelColor24(BottomRightPt.X, BottomRightPt.Y);
Result.R := InterpolateBytes(HorzWeight, VertWeight, TopLeftColor.R, BottomLeftColor.R, TopRightColor.R, BottomRightColor.R); Result.G := InterpolateBytes(HorzWeight, VertWeight, TopLeftColor.G, BottomLeftColor.G, TopRightColor.G, BottomRightColor.G); Result.B := InterpolateBytes(HorzWeight, VertWeight, TopLeftColor.B, BottomLeftColor.B, TopRightColor.B, BottomRightColor.B); end;
function Bilinear8(X, Y: Single): Byte; inline; var TopLeftPt, BottomLeftPt, TopRightPt, BottomRightPt: TPoint; HorzWeight, VertWeight: Single; TopLeftColor, TopRightColor, BottomLeftColor, BottomRightColor: Byte; begin GetBilinearPixelCoords(X, Y, HorzWeight, VertWeight, TopLeftPt, BottomLeftPt, TopRightPt, BottomRightPt);
TopLeftColor := GetPixelColor8(TopLeftPt.X, TopLeftPt.Y); BottomLeftColor := GetPixelColor8(BottomLeftPt.X, BottomLeftPt.Y); TopRightColor := GetPixelColor8(TopRightPt.X, TopRightPt.Y); BottomRightColor := GetPixelColor8(BottomRightPt.X, BottomRightPt.Y);
Result := InterpolateBytes(HorzWeight, VertWeight, TopLeftColor, BottomLeftColor, TopRightColor, BottomRightColor); end;
function Bilinear32(X, Y: Single): TColor32Rec; inline; var TopLeftPt, BottomLeftPt, TopRightPt, BottomRightPt: TPoint; HorzWeight, VertWeight: Single; TopLeftColor, TopRightColor, BottomLeftColor, BottomRightColor: TColor32Rec; begin GetBilinearPixelCoords(X, Y, HorzWeight, VertWeight, TopLeftPt, BottomLeftPt, TopRightPt, BottomRightPt);
TopLeftColor := GetPixelColor32(TopLeftPt.X, TopLeftPt.Y); BottomLeftColor := GetPixelColor32(BottomLeftPt.X, BottomLeftPt.Y); TopRightColor := GetPixelColor32(TopRightPt.X, TopRightPt.Y); BottomRightColor := GetPixelColor32(BottomRightPt.X, BottomRightPt.Y);
Result.A := InterpolateBytes(HorzWeight, VertWeight, TopLeftColor.A, BottomLeftColor.A, TopRightColor.A, BottomRightColor.A); Result.R := InterpolateBytes(HorzWeight, VertWeight, TopLeftColor.R, BottomLeftColor.R, TopRightColor.R, BottomRightColor.R); Result.G := InterpolateBytes(HorzWeight, VertWeight, TopLeftColor.G, BottomLeftColor.G, TopRightColor.G, BottomRightColor.G); Result.B := InterpolateBytes(HorzWeight, VertWeight, TopLeftColor.B, BottomLeftColor.B, TopRightColor.B, BottomRightColor.B); end;
{$IFDEF USE_FILTER_TABLE} procedure PrecomputeFilterWeights; var I, J: Integer; Weight: Single; Fraction: Single; begin FillMemoryByte(@WeightTable, SizeOf(WeightTable), 0);
for I := 0 to TableSize do begin Fraction := I / (TableSize - 1); for J := -KernelWidth to KernelWidth do begin Weight := FilterFunction(J + Fraction); WeightTable[J, I] := Weight; end; end; end; {$ENDIF}
function FilterPixel(X, Y: Single; Bpp: Integer): TColor32Rec; var HorzEntry, VertEntry: TBufferEntry; LoX, HiX, LoY, HiY: Integer; I, J: Integer; WeightHorz, WeightVert: Single; CeilX, CeilY: Integer; {$IFDEF USE_FILTER_TABLE} XFilterTablePos, YFilterTablePos: Integer; {$ELSE} FracXS, FracYS: Single; {$ENDIF} SrcPixel: PColor32Rec; ClipRect: TRect; Edge: Boolean; begin ClipRect := Rect(0, 0, SrcWidth, SrcHeight); Edge := False;
CeilX := FastCeil(X); CeilY := FastCeil(Y);
with ClipRect do begin if not ((CeilX < Left) or (CeilX > Right) or (CeilY < Top) or (CeilY > Bottom)) then begin Edge := False;
if CeilX - KernelWidth < Left then begin LoX := Left - CeilX; Edge := True; end else LoX := -KernelWidth;
if CeilX + KernelWidth >= Right then begin HiX := Right - CeilX - 1; Edge := True; end else HiX := KernelWidth;
if CeilY - KernelWidth < Top then begin LoY := Top - CeilY; Edge := True; end else LoY := -KernelWidth;
if CeilY + KernelWidth >= Bottom then begin HiY := Bottom - CeilY - 1; Edge := True; end else HiY := KernelWidth; end else Exit(BackColor32); end;
{$IFDEF USE_FILTER_TABLE} XFilterTablePos := Round((CeilX - X) * MaxTablePos); YFilterTablePos := Round((CeilY - Y) * MaxTablePos); {$ELSE} FracXS := CeilX - X; FracYS := CeilY - Y; {$ENDIF}
VertEntry := EmptyBufferEntry;
for I := LoY to HiY do begin {$IFDEF USE_FILTER_TABLE} WeightVert := WeightTable[I, YFilterTablePos]; {$ELSE} WeightVert := FilterFunction(I + FracYS); {$ENDIF}
SrcPixel := PColor32Rec(@PByteArray(SrcImage.Bits)[(LoX + CeilX + (I + CeilY) * SrcWidth) * Bpp]);
if WeightVert <> 0 then begin HorzEntry := EmptyBufferEntry; for J := LoX to HiX do begin {$IFDEF USE_FILTER_TABLE} WeightHorz := WeightTable[J, XFilterTablePos]; {$ELSE} WeightHorz := FilterFunction(J + FracXS); {$ENDIF}
HorzEntry.B := HorzEntry.B + SrcPixel.B * WeightHorz; if Bpp > 1 then begin HorzEntry.R := HorzEntry.R + SrcPixel.R * WeightHorz; HorzEntry.G := HorzEntry.G + SrcPixel.G * WeightHorz; if Bpp > 3 then HorzEntry.A := HorzEntry.A + SrcPixel.A * WeightHorz; end;
Inc(PByte(SrcPixel), Bpp); end;
VertEntry.A := VertEntry.A + HorzEntry.A * WeightVert; VertEntry.R := VertEntry.R + HorzEntry.R * WeightVert; VertEntry.G := VertEntry.G + HorzEntry.G * WeightVert; VertEntry.B := VertEntry.B + HorzEntry.B * WeightVert; end; end;
if Edge then begin for I := -KernelWidth to KernelWidth do begin {$IFDEF USE_FILTER_TABLE} WeightVert := WeightTable[I, YFilterTablePos]; {$ELSE} WeightVert := FilterFunction(I + FracYS); {$ENDIF}
if WeightVert <> 0 then begin HorzEntry := EmptyBufferEntry; for J := -KernelWidth to KernelWidth do begin if (J < LoX) or (J > HiX) or (I < LoY) or (I > HiY) then begin {$IFDEF USE_FILTER_TABLE} WeightHorz := WeightTable[J, XFilterTablePos]; {$ELSE} WeightHorz := FilterFunction(J + FracXS); {$ENDIF}
HorzEntry.A := HorzEntry.A + BackColor32.A * WeightHorz; HorzEntry.R := HorzEntry.R + BackColor32.R * WeightHorz; HorzEntry.G := HorzEntry.G + BackColor32.G * WeightHorz; HorzEntry.B := HorzEntry.B + BackColor32.B * WeightHorz; end; end;
VertEntry.A := VertEntry.A + HorzEntry.A * WeightVert; VertEntry.R := VertEntry.R + HorzEntry.R * WeightVert; VertEntry.G := VertEntry.G + HorzEntry.G * WeightVert; VertEntry.B := VertEntry.B + HorzEntry.B * WeightVert; end; end end;
with Result do begin A := ClampToByte(Trunc(VertEntry.A + 0.5)); R := ClampToByte(Trunc(VertEntry.R + 0.5)); G := ClampToByte(Trunc(VertEntry.G + 0.5)); B := ClampToByte(Trunc(VertEntry.B + 0.5)); end; end;
function RotatePoint(X, Y: Single): TFloatPoint; begin Result.X := ForwardCos * X - ForwardSin * Y; Result.Y := ForwardSin * X + ForwardCos * Y; end;
function Max4(X1, X2, X3, X4: Single): Single; begin Result := Math.Max(Math.Max(X1, X2), Math.Max(X3, X4)); end;
function Min4(X1, X2, X3, X4: Single): Single; begin Result := Math.Min(Math.Min(X1, X2), Math.Min(X3, X4)); end;
procedure CalcSourceCoordinates(DstX, DstY: Integer; out SrcX, SrcY: Single); {$IFDEF FPC}inline;{$ENDIF} var SrcCoordX, SrcCoordY: Single; DstCoordX, DstCoordY: Single; begin DstCoordX := DstX - DstWidthHalf; DstCoordY := DstHeightHalf - DstY;
SrcCoordX := BackwardCos * DstCoordX - BackwardSin * DstCoordY; SrcCoordY := BackwardSin * DstCoordX + BackwardCos * DstCoordY;
SrcX := SrcCoordX + SrcWidthHalf; SrcY := SrcHeightHalf - SrcCoordY; end;
function CropToSource(const Pt: TFloatPoint): Single; var X, Y: Single; begin X := Abs(Pt.X / SrcWidthHalf); Y := Abs(Pt.Y / SrcHeightHalf); Result := MaxFloat(X, Y); end;
begin Assert(Image.Format in SupportedRotationFormats); GetImageFormatInfo(Image.Format, FormatInfo);
while Angle >= 360 do Angle := Angle - 360; while Angle < 0 do Angle := Angle + 360;
if (Angle = 0) or (Abs(Angle) = 360) then Exit;
AngleRad := Angle * PI / 180; SinCos(AngleRad, ForwardSin, ForwardCos); SinCos(-AngleRad, BackwardSin, BackwardCos);
SrcImage := Image; SrcWidth := SrcImage.Width; SrcHeight := SrcImage.Height; SrcWidthHalf := (SrcWidth - 1) / 2; SrcHeightHalf := (SrcHeight - 1) / 2;
// Calculate width and height of the rotated image TopLeft := RotatePoint(-SrcWidthHalf, SrcHeightHalf); TopRight := RotatePoint(SrcWidthHalf, SrcHeightHalf); BottomLeft := RotatePoint(-SrcWidthHalf, -SrcHeightHalf); BottomRight := RotatePoint(SrcWidthHalf, -SrcHeightHalf);
if FitRotated then begin // Encompass the whole area of rotate image => bounding box DstWidth := Ceil(Max4(TopLeft.X, TopRight.X, BottomLeft.X, BottomRight.X) - Min4(TopLeft.X, TopRight.X, BottomLeft.X, BottomRight.X)); DstHeight := Ceil(Max4(TopLeft.Y, TopRight.Y, BottomLeft.Y, BottomRight.Y) - Min4(TopLeft.Y, TopRight.Y, BottomLeft.Y, BottomRight.Y));
if ResamplingFilter <> rfNearest then begin // Account a bit for antialiased edges of the rotated image Inc(DstWidth); Inc(DstHeight); end; end else begin // Crop to largest proportional rect inside the rotated rect D := Max4(CropToSource(TopLeft), CropToSource(TopRight), CropToSource(BottomLeft), CropToSource(BottomRight)); DstWidth := Ceil(SrcWidth / D); DstHeight := Ceil(SrcHeight / D); end;
DstWidthHalf := (DstWidth - 1) / 2; DstHeightHalf := (DstHeight - 1) / 2;
InitImage(DstImage); NewImage(DstWidth, DstHeight, SrcImage.Format, DstImage);
Bpp := FormatInfo.BytesPerPixel; DstByte := DstImage.Bits; BackColor32 := TColor32Rec(BackgroundColor);
if ResamplingFilter = rfNearest then begin for Y := 0 to DstHeight - 1 do for X := 0 to DstWidth - 1 do begin CalcSourceCoordinates(X, Y, SrcX, SrcY);
if (SrcX >= 0) and (SrcY >= 0) and (SrcX <= SrcWidth - 1) and (SrcY <= SrcHeight - 1) then begin if Bpp = 3 then PColor24Rec(DstByte)^ := PColor24RecArray(SrcImage.Bits)[Round(SrcY) * SrcWidth + Round(SrcX)] else if Bpp = 1 then DstByte^ := PByteArray(SrcImage.Bits)[Round(SrcY) * SrcWidth + Round(SrcX)] else PColor32Rec(DstByte)^ := PColor32RecArray(SrcImage.Bits)[Round(SrcY) * SrcWidth + Round(SrcX)]; end else CopyPixel(@BackColor32, DstByte, Bpp);
Inc(DstByte, Bpp); end; end else if ResamplingFilter = rfLinear then begin if SrcImage.Format = ifR8G8B8 then begin DstPixel24 := DstImage.Bits; BackColor24 := TColor32Rec(BackgroundColor).Color24Rec;
// RGB 24bit path for Y := 0 to DstHeight - 1 do for X := 0 to DstWidth - 1 do begin CalcSourceCoordinates(X, Y, SrcX, SrcY);
if (SrcX >= -1) and (SrcY >= -1) and (SrcX <= SrcWidth) and (SrcY <= SrcHeight) then DstPixel24^ := Bilinear24(SrcX, SrcY) else DstPixel24^ := BackColor24;
Inc(DstPixel24); end; end else begin // A bit more generic 8+32bit path for Y := 0 to DstHeight - 1 do for X := 0 to DstWidth - 1 do begin CalcSourceCoordinates(X, Y, SrcX, SrcY);
if (SrcX >= -1) and (SrcY >= -1) and (SrcX <= SrcWidth) and (SrcY <= SrcHeight) then begin if Bpp = 1 then DstByte^ := Bilinear8(SrcX, SrcY) else PColor32Rec(DstByte)^ := Bilinear32(SrcX, SrcY) end else CopyPixel(@BackColor32, DstByte, Bpp);
Inc(DstByte, Bpp); end; end; end else begin case ResamplingFilter of rfCubic: Filter := sfCatmullRom; rfLanczos: Filter := sfLanczos; else Assert(False); end;
FilterFunction := ImagingFormats.SamplingFilterFunctions[Filter]; FilterRadius := ImagingFormats.SamplingFilterRadii[Filter];
{$IFDEF USE_FILTER_TABLE} KernelWidth := FastCeil(FilterRadius); PrecomputeFilterWeights; {$ENDIF}
for Y := 0 to DstHeight - 1 do for X := 0 to DstWidth - 1 do begin CalcSourceCoordinates(X, Y, SrcX, SrcY); Pixel32 := FilterPixel(SrcX, SrcY, Bpp); CopyPixel(@Pixel32, DstByte, Bpp); Inc(DstByte, Bpp); end; end;
FreeImage(SrcImage); Image := DstImage; end;
end.
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