Laws Concerning Employment Agreements and Intellectual Property Assignment (GitHub)
This collection summarises U.S. state laws (including California, Delaware, Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Nevada, North Carolina, Utah, and Washington) that limit how employment agreements can require employees to assign intellectual property rights in inventions. It is a reliable legal reference because it cites official state statutes, ensuring enforceability guidance for employment contracts involving IP.
Laws Concerning Employment Agreements and Intellectual Property Assignment
United States
California
(a) Any provision in an employment agreement which provides that an employee shall assign, or offer to assign, any of his or her rights in an invention to his or her employer shall not apply to an invention that the employee developed entirely on his or her own time without using the employer’s equipment, supplies, facilities, or trade secret information except for those inventions that either:
(1) Relate at the time of conception or reduction to practice of the invention to the employer’s business, or actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development of the employer; or
(2) Result from any work performed by the employee for the employer.
(b) To the extent a provision in an employment agreement purports to require an employee to assign an invention otherwise excluded from being required to be assigned under subdivision (a), the provision is against the public policy of this state and is unenforceable.
(Amended by Stats. 1991, Ch. 647, Sec. 5.)
No employer shall require a provision made void and unenforceable by Section 2870 as a condition of employment or continued employment. Nothing in this article shall be construed to forbid or restrict the right of an employer to provide in contracts of employment for disclosure, provided that any such disclosures be received in confidence, of all of the employee’s inventions made solely or jointly with others during the term of his or her employment, a review process by the employer to determine such issues as may arise, and for full title to certain patents and inventions to be in the United States, as required by contracts between the employer and the United States or any of its agencies.
(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 1001.)
If an employment agreement entered into after January 1, 1980, contains a provision requiring the employee to assign or offer to assign any of his or her rights in any invention to his or her employer, the employer must also, at the time the agreement is made, provide a written notification to the employee that the agreement does not apply to an invention which qualifies fully under the provisions of Section 2870. In any suit or action arising thereunder, the burden of proof shall be on the employee claiming the benefits of its provisions.
(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 1001.)
Delaware
http://delcode.delaware.gov/title19/c008/index.shtml#805
§ 805 Employee's right to certain inventions.
Any provision in an employment agreement which provides that the employee shall assign or offer to assign any of the employee's rights in an invention to the employee's employer shall not apply to an invention that the employee developed entirely on the employee's own time without using the employer's equipment, supplies, facility or trade secret information, except for those inventions that:
(1) Relate to the employer's business or actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development; or
(2) Result from any work performed by the employee for the employer.
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This version is drafted for US law generally. Contract, employment and consumer rules vary by state — for example on non-competes and at-will employment. Tell GitLaw which state applies and it adjusts the draft.
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